1.1 Basic Theory
Lub twj tso kua mis submersible, tseem hu ua lub twj tso kua hluav taws xob submerged, yog ib qho khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke nrog lub twj tso kua mis centrifugal thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thauj cov dej. Saib rov qab mus rau 300 xyoo dhau los, los ntawm Dutchman Daniel Bernoulli tawm tsam Bernoulli sib npaug hauv xyoo 1738 thiab luam tawm "Hydrodynamique" (Fluid Mechanics) mus rau 17 xyoo tom qab thaum Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler luam tawm "Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Txoj Kev Hloov" thiab cov tswv yim yooj yim ntawm Fluid. Kev sib npaug txuas ntxiv, qhov no tau tso lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev tsim cov twj centrifugal.
Lub twj tso kua mis centrifugal yog thawj zaug tau thov los ntawm Fabkis tus engineer Papin. Xyoo 1689, nws tau tsim lub tshuab uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog tus qauv ntawm lub twj tso kua mis centrifugal. Xyoo 1705, nws tsim thawj lub twj tso kua mis tsim nyog rau nqa cov kua. Lub twj tso kua mis no tau txais ntau- hniav impeller thiab lub twj tso kua mis conical.
Thawj lub twj tso kua mis centrifugal nyob rau lub sijhawm niaj hnub no, uas tseem yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev tsim khoom loj thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov twj centrifugal, tam sim no feem ntau hu ua Massachusetts twj. Nws tus tsim qauv yog neeg Amelikas, thiab nws tau pib tsim khoom loj hauv Massachusetts, Tebchaws Asmeskas hauv xyoo 1818. Qhov sib cais - rooj plaub, ob npaug - suction impeller, radial ncaj cov hniav, thiab conical casing centrifugal twj nrog sib cais- rooj plaub tsim yog "cov poj koob yawm txwv" ntawm niaj hnub sib cais- rooj plaub centrifugal twj.
1.2 Lub twj tso kua mis submersible tau qhia.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 thiab thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, thaum lub sij hawm heyday ntawm chav turbines, reciprocating twj yuav luag dominated lub twj tso kua mis daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub advent ntawm hluav taws xob motors, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tswv yim siab -ceev hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog tsim los ntawm German Siemens (nyob rau hauv 1866), thiab American Gordon uas tsim ib tug ob-theem loj generator nrog ib tug tso zis hwj chim ntawm 447KW, ib tug qhov siab ntawm 31 meters, thiab ib tug luj ntawm 3128 tons; thiab ob -theem hloov tam sim no lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm Tesla hauv Tebchaws Meskas (hauv 1896) tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm Niagara Fais Fab Cog, xa 3750KW ntawm kev hloov tam sim no ntawm 5000V txhua txoj kev mus rau Buffalo City, 40 mais deb, tau qhib lub zog centrifugal kom tau txais lub tswv yim. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev tshawb fawb theoretical thiab cov tswv yim ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb hauv UK xws li Reynolds thiab hauv Tebchaws Yelemees xws li Pfleiderer, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov twj centrifugal tau txhim kho zoo heev, thiab lawv cov kev ua tau zoo tau ua tiav tag nrho. Cov twj centrifugal tom qab ntawd ua tiav txoj kev loj hlob thoob plaws thiab maj mam hloov cov twj centrifugal, dhau los ua lub twj tso kua mis nrog ntau yam kev siv thiab qhov ntim ntau tshaj plaws.
Submersible twj yog ib hom twj tso kua mis centrifugal, feem ntau hu ua "dej twj" nyob rau hauv ntau parlance. Nrog lub advent ntawm hluav taws xob motors, centrifugal twj tau pom nws kim heev kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov twj submersible yog tom qab. Xyoo 1904, kom tau raws li qee qhov tshwj xeeb xws li kev xav tau los tso dej los ntawm qhov dej, cov engineers ntawm Byron Jackson Company hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim thiab tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj zaug qhuav (inflatable) submersible twj tso kua mis nrog lub twj tso kua mis thiab lub cev muaj zog txuas nrog kab rov tav thiab muaj peev xwm siv tau hauv qab dej, hloov cov twj sib sib zog nqus. Qhov no kuj tau lees paub tias yog thawj lub twj tso kua mis submersible lub cev muaj zog thiab suav tias yog "tus poj koob yawm txwv" ntawm cov twj submersible niaj hnub; Xyoo 1928, Byron Jackson Company hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim lub twj tso kua mis submersible nrog lub twj tso kua mis thiab lub cev muaj zog txuas vertically, uas yog lub qhov dej thaum ntxov- siv lub twj tso kua mis submersible. Cov qauv ntawm lub cev muaj zog yog dej- hom puv, hom qhuav, thiab roj- hom puv. Cov twj submersible thaum ntxov tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam dej, dej hauv subway, chaw nres tsheb dej, thiab kev lag luam mining, thiab lwm yam.
Xyoo 1930, Hayward Tyler los ntawm UK, KSB Company thiab RITZ los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Flygt los ntawm Sweden, BJ Company los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas, TRW Tuam Txhab los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas, Hitachi los ntawm Nyiv, thiab lwm lub tuam txhab tau pib tsim cov twj sib sib zog nqus zoo submersible. Piv txwv li, lub twj tso kua mis zoo submersible hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab German Pleuger tau ua tiav rau kev tso dej thiab dej nqa cov dej haus txhua hnub hauv subway systems. Cov twj submersible nyiam cov xim ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij engineering thiab cov kws tshaj lij. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm Pleuger Company tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov haujlwm xws li Moscow subway, Fabkis, Mexico thiab Argentina cov chaw dej dej.
Nyob rau xyoo 1940s, cov twj tso dej submersible rau ob qho tib si dej thiab cov dej ntws, uas ua ke cov haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab lub twj tso kua mis, pib tsim ib qho tom qab.
Piv txwv li, hauv xyoo 1948, Swedish lub tuam txhab Sterbery-Flygt yog thawj zaug tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj zaug me me - qhov loj me ntawm cov twj tso kua dej submersible, uas yooj yim yooj yim rau hom twj tso kua mis thiab cov qauv ntawm cov twj tso kua dej submersible, tau tsim txoj kev sib txuas ncaj qha ntawm lub tshuab nqus dej twj tso kua mis, thiab txo tus nqi ntawm cov twj tso kua mis submersible. ib nrab. Tsis ntev nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam mining. Xyoo 1956, B series submersible dej phwj twj tso kua mis tau ua tiav thiab txhawb nqa, uas tau siv los xa cov kua dej uas muaj cov khoom siv, cov tshuaj tshem tawm lossis cov tshuaj fiber ntau hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, cov dej phwj hauv tsev, cov dej khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam. Nws tau dav siv hauv nroog, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev lag luam teeb, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, mining, metallurgy, thiab lwm yam. cov khoom siv rau kev kho dej phwj tuaj.
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1960, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Meskas, Tebchaws Askiv, Finland, Russia, Nyij Pooj (xws li Higai, Sakukawa, Inagaki, thiab lwm yam) kuj tau pib tsim cov twj tso dej submersible rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov tuam txhab xws li ITT hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Byron Jackson Company hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Goulds Tuam Txhab hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Grundfos Tuam Txhab hauv Denmark, ABS hauv Tebchaws Yelemees (tam sim no nyob rau hauv Cardo Group hauv Sweden), Pleuger Company hauv tebchaws Yelemes, Wilo Company hauv tebchaws Yelemes, Hayward Tyler Company hauv tebchaws United Kingdom, Weir Company hauv tebchaws United Kingdom, Hitachih Company hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, Lub Tuam Txhab Nyiajpoom Teb hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, Ebara thiab lwm yam. tag nrho cov ua tau siab -kev ua tau zoo submersible dej twj tso kua mis.
Tom qab ze li ntawm 120 xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua, cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib txuas lub twj tso kua mis nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub twj tso kua mis submersible, tau dhau los ua ib pawg loj ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab thiab tau tsim rau hauv kev lag luam "dej twj tso kua mis" ywj siab. Nws kuj tau hloov zuj zus mus rau hauv ib qho kev ua tiav hauv kev siv tshuab.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, vim qhov tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm cov twj submersible thiab kev paub txog cov twj submersible hauv kev ua lag luam, kev teeb tsa tus nqi ntawm cov twj submersible tau nce tsis tu ncua, thiab lawv daim ntawv thov tau nce zuj zus. Lawv tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb thiab muaj kev lag luam loj heev.
Submersible twj tso kua mis
2.1 Hom Submersible Pumps
Tam sim no, cov twj tso kua dej submersible muaj xws li cov twj tso kua dej zoo- hom submersible twj, me me - thaj chaw ua haujlwm submersible twj (xws li dej- hom submersible twj, engineering submersible twj, thiab lwm yam), dej phwj thiab dej khib nyiab submersible twj, mine -hom {5} submersible twj tso kua mis thiab hom dav dav), cov twj siv hluav taws xob submersible, axial flow submersible twj, siab - siab submersible twj (suav nrog kuv thiab qhov dej- hom siab- siab submersible twj thiab dav - lub hom phiaj siab - siab submersible twj), nrog rau cov dej ntsev thiab lwm yam dej hiav txwv.
Vim muaj kev txwv qhov chaw, tsab xov xwm no tsuas yog qhia txog cov dej phwj uas nquag siv thiab cov dej khib nyiab submersible twj tso kua mis hauv kev lag luam kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab cov twj submersible rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm me me.
2.2 Nto-mounted submersible twj thiab submersible dej phwj twj
Lub twj tso kua mis submersible yog ib hom me me submersible twj tso kua mis (ib zaug -stage twj). Vim nws yooj yim installation thiab yooj yim khiav lag luam, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Nws yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm Swedish lub tuam txhab Sterbery-Flygt nyob rau hauv 1948 raws li "surface operation submersible twj".
Qhov li-hu ua dej phwj yog hais txog cov dej siv. Sewage sludge submersible pumps, abbreviated as submersible sewage pumps or sewage pumps, tsis yog -clogging pumps. Hauv lus Askiv, lawv hu ua Non clogging pumps. Lawv tseem hu ua siab -khoom- cov twj kho mob hauv txawv teb chaws thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev kho dej phwj tuaj. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tshiab ntawm German BMZ lub tsev kawm ntawv, kwv yees li 80% mus rau 85% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov dej phwj tuaj tsis huv thiab kho. Thiab tag nrho cov kev muag khoom txhua xyoo ntawm cov kav dej phwj thoob ntiaj teb yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 5 billion thiab 6.5 billion euros, uas yog ob peb zaug ntawm cov twj tso dej.
Submersible twj, tseem hu ua cov twj tso kua dej, yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev lag luam kho dej. Hauv kev kho dej thiab dej phwj siv thev naus laus zis, cov twj tso dej submersible (xws li cov twj tso kua mis) yog cov kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis los hloov lwm cov tshuaj qhuav- khiav ( av-raws li) twj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kho thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem, nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo dua lwm cov twj. Vim lub submersible twj tsim,
Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv xws li cov ntxaij lim dej thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus, nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov khib nyiab loj thiab tawv kom nkag mus rau hauv lub twj tso kua mis inlet. Cov khoom muag muag yuav sim hla cov khoom siv no tsis hais lawv qhov loj npaum li cas. Qhov no muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv cov kav dej phwj tuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev ua hauj lwm hnyav, cov dej phwj tuaj yeem siv tau zoo rau kev sau cov dej phwj tuaj, slurry twj, dej los nag, dej ntws, dej hauv pas dej, thiab lwm yam. Cov kua dej no tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov organic, inorganic, abrasive thiab fibrous hom. Cov khib nyiab organic feem ntau yog mos thiab feem ntau muaj cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau los yog tsawg dua. Inorganic solids yog ib qho nyuaj thiab feem ntau ntse, nrog me me hais.
2.3 Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov twj tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab cov twj tso kua dej
Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub twj tso kua mis uas tsis yog{0}}clogging thiab lub twj tso kua dej yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias nws yog tsim los tso cai rau cov khoom loj tshaj plaws los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis loj. Txawm hais tias muaj ib qho - hniav (tsis muaj- hniav) impellers, qhov zoo tib yam uas tsis yog-clogging impeller muaj ob lub ntsej muag. Cov hniav ntawm ob- hniav impeller yog tuab heev, thiab muaj qhov sib npaug loj ntawm cov hniav thiab cov phaj npog ntawm cov hniav inlet. Qhov tsis muaj- hniav impeller tsis muaj cov lus qhia hniav, yog li nws yuav tsis tau daig nrog cov khib nyiab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, vim nws asymmetry, lub impeller yog inherently unbalanced. Tseem muaj cov uas tsis yog -clogging hom submersible twj, tab sis lawv feem ntau tsis pom zoo.
